The Bruja Professor

Life is a Dream: Sueño, Romance & the Importance of BIPOC Joy

This year, for National Hispanic Heritage Month, I’d like to take some time here on The Bruja Professor to talk about the importance of BIPOC Joy.

In all of my classes and all of my online conversations about romantic comedies, and the romance genre more broadly, we inevitably circle around an important question: Who gets to be centered in stories of joy? Who gets to have an HEA?

As we push for more inclusive narratives and genuine ones—none of those obligatory “progressive” stories here, thank you or you will be hexed!—we have to celebrate the importance of these uplifting stories for those of us with historically marginalized identities. That is, for those of us used to being the subject of trauma porn, it’s a big deal to read stories that focus on our joy, empowerment, and PLEASURE.

As several students put it when we focused more on BIPOC and queer joy during my romantic comedy course one term: They were in THE BEST MOOD those weeks. Why? Not because college life suddenly stopped being stressful or everything suddenly fell into place, but because they consumed stories that reminded them their lives were about more than oppression and suffering. They could also be about success, affluence, happiness…and all the romcom tropes that we love.

And that feeling—that hope, that joy—is a real kind of magic.

Life is a Dream

It’s certainly one I greedily gobbled up the first time I watched the little-known film Sueño (2005) and the reason why I teach it in my romantic comedy course today. While this film isn’t a traditional romantic comedy, it does fall under the rom-com umbrella if we look at the broader definition of the genre: It is a lighthearted, uplifting film that wouldn’t hold up (at least to my mind) without the romantic plots, even if it isn’t always laugh-out-loud funny.

The movie is about Antonio (John Leguizamo) and his journey from Mexico to Los Angeles to fulfill his dream of being a musician. His opportunity comes when a radio station sponsors a contest and he meets Mirabela (Elizabeth Peña), a down-and-out singer and single mom, trying to find her magic again after being dumped by her musician husband. Together, they put together a band that celebrates the classic tunes that shaped their love of music. As this unfolds, Antonio also courts Nina, a  young woman torn between fulfilling her own dreams and caring for family.

What unfolds is a joyful story about what it means to be human. What it means to lose your spark and find it again. What it means to find the balance between being there for family and nourishing your own passions. What it means to find your place in a world that doesn’t always have your best interest in mind. And, most importantly, this movie is about brown joy, something I had rarely ever seen depicted in media before.

In fact, I don’t think it’s a leap to say that this film was a novel experience for me in its depiction of brown joy and, while the ending is open, the one thing that is definitive is that everyone gets an HEA.

A Note on Cultural and Racial Identity

I loved seeing BIPOC characters living their best lives and figuring stuff out, especially when they are brown like me. That said, since those of us in the Hispanic, Latine, and mestizaje communities are so often treated as a monolith, I feel like it’s important to first point out our differences before I continue to swoon over this movie.

Antonio is Mexican and he comes to the United States to fulfill his dreams of becoming a musician. As someone who newly immigrated to the US, he soon realizes the “American Dream” is not what he thought it was as he struggles to find meaningful work and develop a life here. In many ways, the story is about him trying to keep a hold of his dreams and the magic that inspired him to come here, while negotiating the unromantic realities of daily life.

Antonio’s experiences are very different from mine. I’m a native New Mexican mestiza (my family on both sides have been in New Mexico for centuries). I come from a higher socio-economic background. My Spanish ranges from mediocre to adequate. So I’ve never had to grapple with many of the issues he does in the film. I stress this, because, again, we are not a monolith!

Still, it doesn’t change the fact that I love seeing stories that feature brown people magic and brown people joy, even if their experiences don’t completely mirror my own. And this movie continues to stand out to me in the recent push for more inclusive romantic narratives. While there are more Latine romantic comedies out there, many of them feel like they cater to a whiter audience. This film, in contrast, feels so deeply at home in its Latine roots, pushing back against the kind of stories our communities are allowed to tell about ourselves.

Here are a few other reasons this film is so delightful (some spoilers ahead)…

Antonio is One of the Original Cinnamon Roll Heroes

Antonio was my first experience with a cinnamon roll hero before I even knew the term cinnamon roll, which, for the record, refers to a romance hero who is gooey sweet, just like a…cinnamon roll. He’s kind, sensitive, and self-aware.

He doesn’t feel the need to be macho to prove how manly he is, nor does he put his desires at the expense of his friends or his romantic interest. He can express his feelings, isn’t afraid to talk through things, and is sensitive to what others are going through. This, in case you didn’t realize it, is a BIG DEAL in how Hispanic and Latine men are often depicted in media. I see a lot of kind Latine men like Antonio in real life but seldom depicted in stories.

When it comes to romance, he is assertive but also sensitive, putting friendship with Nina over a budding romance when her life gets complicated. Better still, he doesn’t deny that they have more than friendly feelings for one another or use their friendship to push for more. He’s not, in other words, the creeper nice guy hanging around the heroine until she finally sees him as a romantic partner—and is resentful when she doesn’t. Instead, he recognizes that what she needs right now is a friend who can understand what she’s going through with her family. So that’s what he gives her.

Swoon.

Women Supporting Women

Mirabela (Elizabeth Peña) is a gifted singer and single mom trying to get her spark back after being abandoned by her performer ex. She’s older. She’s been through stuff and been dealt some hard blows in life. When Antonio breezes into her life, she begins to open herself to life again. She also wonders if this younger man is into her. She is not used to being around genuinely kind men, so she can’t tell if his behavior is because he not only admires her but also desires her.

As she grapples with what their relationship might be—A romance? A musical partnership?—she meets Nina, the younger woman Antonio is truly romantically interested in. Instead of devolving into a petty plot of two women fighting over a man, Mirabela and Nina become friends and confidants. Nina admits she admires Mirabela’s curves and life experience. Mirabela compliments the younger woman’s own figure and gives Nina romantic advice about Antonio.

It’s a beautiful, poignant development as Mirabela realizes she’s confused her new zest for life with romantic feelings for Antonio. Instead of making an issue of it, she appreciates her relationships for what they are and, with wisdom that only comes with age, acknowledges that she’s had to figure out healthy relationship boundaries after her messy breakup. Nina, too, realizes she can both care for her family and develop her own life, including romance, outside of it.

Mirabela’s story is at its sweetest when she learns to appreciate herself outside of a romantic relationship and reclaims her voice—literally as a singer and metaphorically as a woman. And, since this is a romance, after all, she discovers that love was right under her nose all along, in the form of the band manager, who, we suspect, has quietly pined for her for some time. Her story shows that life doesn’t stop at a certain age, and neither does romance.

Not So Big Misunderstandings

The most delightful part of this film is that it doesn’t rely on Big Misunderstandings, or issues that could easily be resolved with a conversation, to drive the plot. In fact, Antonio and his friends talk through things.

For example, when his band thinks Antonio is signing a solo record deal after a series of miscommunications via the rumor mill, they…talk to him about it. What’s more, they say they support him but are hurt because he did it behind their back. They want him to succeed, even if he has to go his own way. They just wanted to be told up front that that’s what is happening.

Antonio, in turn, quickly explains that while he met with an agent, he actually turned down the deal because he is committed to his band and the music they create together. The whole scene is less than a few minutes and clears up an issue that would be a 30-minute drama fest in another movie.

If you get people who talk through their issues, are emotionally mature, and are committed to bringing out the best in one another, you might wonder where the conflict comes in. Simple: All the drama in this story comes from being human.

Nina’s struggle to be both there for her family and develop her life is real. Mirabela recovering from a toxic relationship and finding her feet again is real. Antonio’s dream is real, as are all the bumps in the road he’s gone through to get there. The story feels all the sweeter for leaning into our daily struggles and desires for more than just getting through life, not manufactured conflicts necessary.

Magical Realism

Lastly, this movie is infused with magical realism in a way that shows everyday magic as a lived experience, not as a fantasy. When you are spiritually inclined and a little witchy, your life reads like a magical realism story, or as we like to call it, REALISM. This is especially true for those of us in Hispanic, Latine, and mestizaje communities, where the spirit realms are closer to us than many realize, and unexpected enchantments are a part of our daily lives.

Mirabela has her fortune read by a friend which promises true love. It is what propels her into a friendship with Antonio and, later, love…just not with him. Her fortune comes true, yes, but not in the way she expected. For anyone who has ever had their cards read or even consulted their horoscope, this feels so laughably accurate. The cards and the stars never lie, but things never play out like you think they will.

Antonio sees life as a waking dream, as many of us do, and, as a result, can imagine a better world for himself. He imagines passionate dance sequences with Nina when they can’t be together, a sultry reminder that, while their friendship comes first, there’s no denying their passion for one another. Mirabela, too, gets her dreamy dance sequence as she considers what a romance with Antonio might look like…and realizes, as her fantasy devolves into a hostile dance, that she doesn’t want to recreate what she had with her ex with her new bandmate, even if he were interested.

Even the ending is something like a dream, leaving the viewer to wonder if they won the contest and got the record deal. Maybe they did. Maybe the end is just another part of the sueño of life. But guess what?

IT DOESN’T MATTER.

Because they have everything else they need: They have friendship. They have love. They have music. They have romance. And they have the magic of life.

See why I love this movie so much?

The Bruja Professor, a witchy take on literature, the occult & pop culture, is the scholarly sister to Enchantment Learning & Living, an inspirational blog celebrating life’s simple pleasures, everyday mysticism, and delectable recipes that are guaranteed to stir the kitchen witch in you.

If you enjoyed what you just read and believe that stories are magic & true magic is in the everyday…or your next good read, subscribe to my newsletter below for regular doses of enchantment.

Want even more inspiration? Follow me on Instagram, Facebook, Pinterest, and Twitter. Here’s to a magical life!

RomComs Are All That: An Interview with Romance Author Maya Rodale

Readers, let me tell you something: I was over the moon when Maya Rodale agreed to let me interview her for my course, “I’ll Have What She’s Having: The Legacy of the Romantic Comedy,” and for the Bruja Professor. I love teaching her book, Lady Claire is All That, part of her Keeping Up with the Cavendishes series. In case you didn’t get the hint from the title, the book is based on the teen classic rom-com She’s All That. It’s a delightful historical romp that introduces students to romance novels, fan fiction and adaptations, and the joys of historical romance. Maya was kind enough to chat with me about this book, romance, and the yucks and yums of the rom-com genre. SWOON!

1. In my classes, we talk about the yucks and the yums of various genres. What do you love or think is yummy about romantic comedies?

I love that romantic comedies put me in an emotional space of love, laughter and optimism. I love that they are unabashedly and unapologetically about having a good-hearted good time.  

2. What parts of the genre feel yucky to you? Anything you would change about them?

We can look back at Rom Coms from earlier times and be squeamish or even horrified by what we thought was romantic, or the dynamics between people or whatever. I think of the movie Knocked Up, which I really enjoyed at the time but now I have questions....

On a personal note, while I love grand romantic gestures in rom-coms, I would be horrified if that happened to me IRL. 

3. I have to ask: What’s your favorite romantic comedy? Why?

My favorite romantic comedy is my favorite movie—Roman Holiday. I love it because you can really see the heroine’s journey of self-discovery happening through the romance. I love her rebellion against what is expected of her. I love her joy and pleasure she finds all day. I love that her hero is thrilled to be there, holding her hand. The whole story is kind, it’s funny, it’s magical and you can feel it. Book #2 in the Keeping Up with the Cavendishes series, Chasing Lady Amelia, is based on it. 

4. What inspired you to write a retelling of She’s All That set in Regency England? What is it about that movie that captured your imagination?

Confession: I don’t think I had seen the movie before I decided to write a Regency version of it! Of course I was familiar with it, being a teen in the 90s, but for whatever reason, I had yet to see it. But watching it is the best kind of “work” and “research” that I do. The entire Keeping Up With the Cavendishes series is based on rom-coms and your next question will allow me to answer why I picked this movie...

5. Tell us a little more about the inspiration behind Lady Claire is All That. What romcom tropes and themes did you want to play with? How did the Regency setting change the original high school-set story?

First, I think the Regency is so very high school! 

I knew I wanted to write a very smart heroine based on Ada Lovelace, the first computer programmer. Readers were asking for her ever since my novel, The Wicked Wallflower, which drew a lot of inspiration from the work of Charles Babbage and the computer he invented. 

I also knew I wanted to write a “dumb” hero. So many romance heroes are the tallest, the smartest, the richest, the hottest, etc. and I was a little bored of writing that. I wanted the challenge of writing a hero who wasn’t the sharpest tool in the shed, but who still had a lot to offer. 

And I had major feminist angst about the whole “makeover” plot and “make her popular” plot that I wanted to play with. 

She’s All That provided the perfect framework to play with all those ideas. 

6. I talk with my students about how many romance authors were inspired to become writers, in part, because of the 80s/90s/00s romantic comedies they grew up watching. Was that the case for you?

Sure! I LOVE those movies and then they stopped making them, so I turned to romance novels instead. And when I read those faster than they could be published, I had to start writing my own ☺ 

7. I also discuss with students how fanfic has really changed the way we think of stories, AND YET, in many ways, most writers are writing fanfic, trying to capture the essence of stories they love. Is that the case for you?

Absolutely. I used to play guitar, and I would try writing songs that sounded like an artist I loved and...my songs always came out wildly different. But it was a wonderful creative exercise. What do I like about it? What emotional notes are being hit, and in what order? What are the ingredients here? 

FanFic is the same, I think. The fourth book in the Keeping Up With the Cavendishes series, It’s Hard Out Here For a Duke, is essentially fanfic to the Meredith and Derek relationship on in season 1 and 2 of Grey’s Anatomy. I actually used the name Meredith Green as a placeholder in Book #1 and it went to press before I could change it so...I was stuck with it! 

8. As you already know, there are A LOT of stigmas associated with the romance genre in genre, and the romantic comedy specifically. Why do you think that is?

Well, I wrote a whole book about this. ☺

Short answer: I think culturally we have anxiety about women and other marginalized groups unapologetically experiencing love, pleasure and empowerment—and then being rewarded with a happy ever after. Romance novels and romantic comedies are all about that, unapologetically so. 

9. What do you think romantic comedies can teach people about life, love, and relationships (you can discuss both the good and bad here)?

A really good romantic comedy shows how the love inspires or agitates someone to really blossom and become their truest version of themselves. I love that. 

I could write A LOT here about how they teach us a script and a language for courtship, romance and love. Or what to look for in a partner. How a partner should treat someone they love. How we get to vicariously experience emotional highs and lows and practice feeling emotionally vulnerable. How we can overvalue grand gestures. 

Most of all, I think they remind us that love and life can be fun and funny and full of heart and emotion and we can take pleasure in that. That is no small thing.

 10. Is there anything else you’d like to add?

What a great list of questions, thank you!

11. Where can people find you to learn more about your work?

The best place to find me is www.mayarodale.com. I’m also on Threads and Instagram as @mayarodale and on Substack

My most “rom com” romance novels are: Lady Claire is All That, Lady Bridget’s Diary, The Wicked Wallflower, Seducing Mr. Knightly and the contemporary When Jane Met Duke. And in Dangerous Books For Girls: The Bad Reputation of Romance Novels, Explained I talk about why it all matters. 

Guest Contributor Bio

Maya Rodale is the best-selling and award-winning author of funny, feminist fiction including historical romance, YA and historical fiction. Reviewers and readers have noted her “signature wit and banter” (Entertainment Weekly) and declared her novels to be “endlessly entertaining” (Booklist), “funny, heartfelt and lovingly crafted” (Library Journal), “certain to delight” (Publisher’s Weekly), “energetic and bold” (Kirkus), and “absolutely a ton of fun to read” (Smart Bitches, Trashy Books).

A champion of the romance genre and its readers, she is also the author of Dangerous Books For Girls: The Bad Reputation of Romance Novels, Explained. Maya has reviewed romance for NPR Books and has appeared in Bustle, Glamour, Shondaland, Buzzfeed, The Huffington Post and PBS. She began reading romance novels in college at her mother’s insistence and has never been allowed to forget it.

Images of Lady Claire Is All That book cover and She’s All That movie poster.

The Bruja Professor, a witchy take on literature, the occult & pop culture, is the scholarly sister to Enchantment Learning & Living, an inspirational blog celebrating life’s simple pleasures, everyday mysticism, and delectable recipes that are guaranteed to stir the kitchen witch in you.

If you enjoyed what you just read and believe that stories are magic & true magic is in the everyday…or your next good read, subscribe to my newsletter below for regular doses of enchantment.

Want even more inspiration? Follow me on Instagram, Facebook, Pinterest, and Twitter. Here’s to a magical life!

“Cheek to Cheek” with the Rom-Com Genre: The Musicals of Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers with Jennifer Howell

As the host of the podcast Every Rom Com, I’ve always taken the “every” part seriously. While some people prefer to draw strict lines around the genre, I’m always delighted to find romantic comedy structures and tropes in unexpected places. Whether a rom-com is hiding out in a zombie movie,  riding along with a group of storm chasers, or stowing away in a spaceship in a galaxy far, far away, I’m always glad when rom-com elements appear in other genres. 

That said, it’s never been too hard to find rom-com structures and tropes in the genre of movie musicals. Growing up, most of my favorites, from Singing in the Rain to The Sound of Music, featured strong romantic storylines and swoon-worthy scenes. But it wasn’t until I began working on a “Musicals” series for our podcast that I discovered a rich vein of romantic comedy gold in the films of Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers. 

Most of the Astaire/Rogers musicals are just romantic comedies set to song and dance, and they contain some of the most beautiful love scenes, funniest characters, and tropey-est tropes in rom-com history. In watching these films we can see how romantic comedy stories have changed with the times, and we can also enjoy the all-too-rare treat of romance being taken seriously by men, complete with heartfelt declarations, gorgeous costumes, and elaborate sets! If you yearn for a pre-Apatow age of men in rom-coms, Fred Astaire’s got you covered! 

These films do not, sadly, offer much (if any) representation for BIPOC audiences. Two of the movies also warrant content warnings. While it is often cited as “the best” of the Astaire/Rogers films, Swing Time also contains the only blackface performance of Fred Astaire’s career. And Carefree contains an instance of a white male character impersonating an Asian woman over the phone. All the movies contain instances of misogyny, but nothing that seems out of place with the social norms of the 1930’s. It’s also worth noting that Ginger Rogers nearly always portrays the type of assertive, independent woman that she was in real life.

These faults aside, there is much to enjoy in the Astaire/Rogers musical rom-coms, from their unapologetic celebration of love and romance, to their quick wit and hilarious supporting players, to the rapturous dance numbers which stand in for love scenes. With that said, let’s dig in!

Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers Films - The Basics

For those not yet in the know, Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers were a famous acting, dancing, and singing duo who appeared in 10 musicals together, most of them released by RKO in the 1930’s. Their first appearance together was in the 1933 musical Flying Down To Rio in which they played supporting characters who nearly stole the show. Astaire and Rogers had both been performing separately since their childhoods, in vaudeville and eventually on Broadway, before transitioning to the big screen. Rogers had appeared in more movies than Astaire by 1933, including in several Busby Berkeley musical spectacles. As an aside, it’s totally worth your time to watch Rogers’ trippy Pig Latin version of We’re in the Money in Berkeley’s film Gold Diggers of 1933 (check out this clip of Rogers in Gold Diggers of 1933 - the Pig Latin begins at around 1:38).

Though the Astaire/Rogers movies are primarily discussed as musicals, they are also routinely and properly labeled on IMDB under “romance” and “comedy”, and Arlene Croce author of The Fred Astaire & Ginger Rogers Book calls the plots of these films “a very simple but very specialized form of love story.” 

The films are also extraordinary musicals, however. Fred Astaire is acknowledged as one of the greatest dancers in film history, and Ginger Rogers is widely considered to be his greatest partner. These films also introduced some of the most popular songs in American history, including Let’s Call The Whole Thing Off and The Way You Look Tonight, standards you may recognize from the modern rom-coms When Harry Met Sally and My Best Friend’s Wedding. Astaire and Rogers are already considered vitally important to the genre of musicals; I hope I can convince you that they are also important to the romantic comedy. 

I won’t be discussing all of the Astaire/Rogers films here. As mentioned, they were only supporting characters in Flying Down To Rio. Their follow-up film Roberta is an adaptation, and they are co-leads with another couple. They’re also co-leads in Follow the Fleet, though I highly recommend checking out that film for its playful musical numbers and nautical costuming. Finally, The Story of Vernon and Irene Castle is a biopic, and in The Barkleys of Broadway the couple are already married, so I’ll limit my discussion here to 5 films: The Gay Divorcee (1934), Top Hat (1935), Swing Time (1936), Shall We Dance (1937), and Carefree (1938). If you end up wanting to know even more about Top Hat, in particular, we cover that film in-depth on Episode 58 of Every Rom Com!

Romantic Comedy Structure in Astaire/Rogers Films

The structure of the romantic comedy was set long before the age of cinema, in the plays of Shakespeare and others, and in novels, especially the novels of Jane Austen. Romantic comedy movies were also more abundant than some people realize in early Hollywood, including in the silent era. Some of the most well-regarded silent films, including Buster Keaton’s The Cameraman and Charlie Chaplin’s City Lights are romantic comedies, as are some lesser-known gems like It starring Clara Bow. The 1930’s, of course, also featured non-musical movies that inspired the modern romantic comedy genre, including It Happened One Night (1934), the Katherine Hepburn/Cary Grant double-dose of Bringing Up Baby and Holiday in 1938, and many more classics starring top actors of the time. Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers did not introduce these stories and tropes in early Hollywood, but they did help to popularize them, since as a duo they were one of the biggest office draws of the 1930’s.

Most of the Astaire/Rogers films include the following recognizable rom-com story points. There’s the introduction to our lead character and their single life; there’s the meet-cute;, there’s usually love at first sight. After being struck by love, Astaire’s character begins a dogged pursuit of Rogers’ character, which is often met with initial disinterest on Rogers’ part. At some point there’s an initial spark, usually expressed through dance, then the couple are struck down by obstacles and misunderstandings. Generally, those obstacles are briefly overcome with a type of symbolic consummation in the movie’s most romantic musical number. But the couple are then beset by more misunderstandings or difficulties, leading up to the final resolution of the plot, which often includes a lavish music and dance number. 

In the five Astaire/Rogers movies under discussion, Astaire’s character is always introduced first. This differs from most modern romantic comedies, which generally center the woman. On the plus side, centering Astaire’s character demonstrates that love and romance are important to men, and that audiences in the 1930’s felt that romance was a serious enough topic to to be taken on by the greatest male performers. This hearkens back to Shakespeare’s time, when even plays with prominent female characters, such as Much Ado About Nothing, Twelfth Night, and As You Like It generally began with speeches by male characters. And, of course, in Shakespeare’s time, men were playing all the women characters anyway! 

The disadvantage of centering Astaire’s character, of course, is that Ginger Rogers was considered a less prominent part of the film, and in the early days of their partnership she was often paid less than even some of the supporting actors in their movies. Centering the male perspective also encourages the audience to identify with Astaire’s character, even when his behavior is annoying or even harassing.

Because early musicals generally didn’t allow for ordinary characters to transcend reality by breaking out in song and dance, Astaire and Rogers’ characters were nearly always some type of performer. After Astaire’s character was established, Rogers quickly entered the film too, since any plot beyond romance in these films tended to be just a paper-thin excuse to bring the couple together.

Each Astaire/Rogers movie has a memorable and often creative “meet-cute.” In most of the movies it might be more aptly called a “meet-annoy”, since Astaire’s character often does something to upset Rogers, whether it’s ripping her dress, or even accidentally getting her fired from her job! 

Top Hat might be the best and most memorable of these meet-cutes. In Top Hat, Astaire is tap-dancing late at night in a hotel room above Rogers’ room. The camera pans down from Astaire dancing, to Rogers waking from her slumber in a luxurious satiny bed. Elegant even in her annoyance, Rogers wraps a stylish robe around her nightgown and goes upstairs to confront Astaire. Seeing Rogers, Astaire immediately falls in love, and uses her visit as an opportunity to flirt with her. Rogers brushes off his seduction attempts with witty comebacks and returns to her bed. Then in a bizarre but somehow charming move, Astaire empties sand from an ashcan onto the floor of his hotel room, and performs a shuffling “sandman” dance to send Rogers to sleep. Despite her initial exasperation, Rogers falls back to sleep with a blissful smile on her face. 

Having met Rogers and usually having fallen in love at first sight, Astaire’s character now begins his pursuit. This aspect of the Astaire/Rogers movies may be the most jarring to contemporary audiences, as some of his behavior in these movies would be regarded as sexual harassment or even stalking by today’s standards. All I can say is that when you’ve watched a number of these films in a row, Astaire’s character begins to seem less threatening, as if he’s just a person Rogers’ character temporarily forgot she was in love with. Perhaps this isn’t a healthy response, but it does allow you to enjoy the movies! It’s also important to note that whether Astaire is pursuing Rogers’ character in a car on a country road, taking the place of her horse-drawn carriage driver, or merely showing up at her hotel room because he saw her in a flipbook, Rogers is always portrayed as a strong woman who can hold her ground and establish her boundaries. And in Carefree, for a change, Rogers is the one pursuing Astaire! 

The pursuit in an Astaire/Rogers film usually leads to an initial dance or song. While in a modern romantic comedy sparks might first fly during a first date, a deep conversation, or while working towards a shared goal, in Astaire/Rogers movies it is this first song or dance as a couple that marks the real beginning of their romance. The lyrics of the song will generally amount to a confession of Astaire’s feelings. In Shall We Dance Astaire sings: “I”ve got beginner’s luck/The first time that I’m in love, I’m in love with you/Gosh I’m lucky.”

 In Top Hat, Astaire pursues Rogers to a gazebo on a rainy day where he sings and they dance to the song “Isn’t This A Lovely Day To Be Caught in the Rain”. This dance captures Rogers’ initial dislike for Astaire; she begins to dance next to him only to prove that she can dance as well as he can. Then, as she begins to enjoy matching his steps, she finally lets him whirl her away into a couples dance. During the dance you can feel their chemistry building, and so in one scene they go from enemies (at least on one side) to potential lovers. 

To a modern audience the idea that you might fall in love over the course of one dance might seem unsophisticated or naive. This marks a major difference between early and modern rom-coms. Romantic comedies in the modern age are often concerned with psychological realism. Characters will come together (or not) because of their personality traits, neuroses, or tragic events in their past. When this is presented well, with strong characterization and subtle dialogue, it can create a deeper and more compelling love story. On the other hand, even the lightest of modern rom-coms can sometimes get too bogged down in obligatory psychobabble. Recently I watched French Kiss for the first time and I wondered why I needed to hear Meg Ryan diagnose Kevin Kline as being afraid of commitment, or Kline discussing Ryan’s fear of flying. Couldn’t they just hang out in the French countryside, be attractive, and have that be reason enough to fall in love? In an Astaire/Rogers movie, they definitely could! 

Again, when modern rom-coms handle the psychology of courtship deftly they can often be just as compelling, if not more, than the Astaire/Rogers movies. But in comparison to some of the less skillful dialogue, generic backstories, or silly slapstick that forms the lead-up to love in many modern movies, the Astaire/Rogers model of dancing your way into romance can feel sophisticated and refreshing! 

Of course, no romantic comedy is complete without some complications, and into every Astaire/Rogers movie misunderstandings and obstacles must fall. In The Gay Divorcee Rogers is already married and trying to get a divorce from a neglectful husband. In Swing Time, Astaire is engaged to a woman he no longer wants to marry after falling for Rogers. In Top Hat, it’s mistaken identity, as Rogers becomes convinced that Astaire is her best friend’s husband. These misunderstandings generally involve participation from a hilarious supporting cast. Top Hat is my favorite of the Astaire/Rogers movies, if only because the supporting cast of Edward Everett Horton, Eric Blore, Erik Rhodes, and Helen Broderick make the comic scenes just as entertaining as the musical or romantic interludes.

Astaire and Rogers in “Follow the Fleet” (1936) in an elegant, romantic dance.

Many of the Astaire/Rogers movies also feature a second romantic couples dance before the finale. This is often the most romantic number in the movie, usually set at night, with Rogers in a beautiful gown, and featuring songs like Cole Porter’s “Night and Day” or Irving Berlin’s “Cheek to Cheek.” This scene often seems to take the place of what might be a fade-out to a first sexual encounter in a pre-Code movie, or an actual sex scene in many contemporary rom-coms. In The Gay Divorcee the chemistry between Astaire and Rogers is so intense that Rogers ends the dance by practically swooning back onto a bench, in a seeming state of bliss, at which point Astaire offers her a cigarette. 

This consummation of love is temporary, however, as either the existing complications or new complications must be resolved. In several of the movies, the new complication leads Rogers into the arms of another man, and Astaire must find a way to stop the wedding, certainly familiar terrain for the modern rom-com audience! 

Finally, in each movie, misunderstandings and complications are resolved, and whether as part of the resolution or after the resolution, there is a final dance scene, which usually involves many extra dancers, and often includes a large crowd watching the dance. Some of these numbers seem to be a holdover from earlier musical films which included musical numbers as much for spectacle as they did for story. 

But in another sense, the grandeur of these numbers brings to mind the end of a Shakespeare comedy, which often saw all or most of the cast assembled to celebrate a wedding and tie up all the loose ends of the plot. At the end of some Astaire/Rogers movies it’s directly stated that their characters are now going to marry; in others it’s merely implied. But in all of the movies these large dance numbers seem to serve as a type of substitute for a wedding ceremony, bringing together the community to witness their union in the dance. 

We can still see this form of plot resolution in many modern rom-coms. When contemporary romantic comedies don’t end in actual weddings, they will often end in large celebrations, such as prom nights, New Year’s parties, or large family gatherings. Whatever the specific case, happy endings in romantic comedies are often celebrated by the whole community, and the Astaire/Rogers movie dance spectacles are just one variation on the theme!

Familiar Tropes in Astaire/Rogers Movies

In addition to sharing a story structure with the modern romantic comedy, Astaire/Rogers movies also contain familiar tropes!

One obvious initial trope is the rom-com character as an aspirational figure, rather than a believable human being. For example, a modern romantic comedy character might be a magazine writer living in a large Manhattan apartment, a doctor who never seems to be on call, or a middle-aged woman who can afford to renovate an Italian villa. Astaire/Rogers characters are similarly equipped with performing jobs that never seem to require rehearsals, and unlimited budgets to rent luxury hotel rooms, engage in foreign travel at a moment’s notice, and wear the finest clothes. 

Speaking of “the finest clothes”, while I don’t recall an Astaire/Rogers movie with a makeover or shopping scene, costuming plays a significant role in the Astaire/Rogers movies, serving not just as one beautiful element in a scene, but also as a symbol used in storytelling. The number “Cheek to Cheek” from Top Hat would be gorgeous regardless of Rogers’ dress, but without the flowing, feathered dress that she helped design, it might not have become one of the most iconic dance scenes in film history. The song’s lyrics begin with: “Heaven, I’m in heaven”, and the feathers that adorn Rogers’ shoulders bring home the point that she’s the angel. Another key costuming moment occurs in Carefree. As soon as Rogers realizes she’s in love with Astaire, she shows up to his office wearing a dress with a heart embroidered prominently on her chest. 

Fred Astaire in Top Hat.

Unlike many modern rom-coms, the men are also concerned with clothes in Astaire/Rogers movies. The title of the movie Top Hat is in fact taken from a number Astaire sings and dances to early on in the movie, “Top Hat, White Tie and Tails.” The lyrics are entirely about the joys of getting dressed up to go out!

Costuming is a fun element in rom-coms old and new, but in Astaire/Rogers movies men also care about fashion! 

Another trope found in the Astaire/Rogers movies is the best friend character. While in modern rom-coms these characters are usually the same age as the lead, in the Astaire/Rogers movies the best friend role is often portrayed by a somewhat older relative, manager, or friend. As in modern rom-coms these best friends help to advance the romantic plots while also offering comic relief. Best friend characters take many shapes in modern rom-coms from true confidantes, to wacky co-workers, to frenemies. Rogers’ best friends ranged from a calculating manager in Shall We Dance, to a scatterbrained aunt in The Gay Divorcee, to the savvy, amorous older women played by Luella Gear in Carefree and Helen Broderick in Top Hat and Swing Time

Astaire, meanwhile, often found his best friend character in the actor Edward Everett Horton. Though I haven’t seen it discussed much in film criticism, Horton several times seems to play a very under-the-radar version of the gay best friend, though in this case he’s the best friend to the male lead rather than the female lead. In Top Hat, Horton plays Astaire’s friend and producer, Horace, and there are several scenes that suggest Horace may be in a relationship with his valet, Bates. This impression is furthered by several comments on the part of Horace’s wife. Another scene in Shall We Dance finds Horton having late night drinks with Rogers’ manager, in which scene the men make at least two comments that might serve as double entendres. Edward Everett Horton was a gay man in real life, and  to the credit of these films, the double entendres never seem to be a joke on the characters, but rather a wink to audience members who might see the queer representation hiding in plain sight.

Speaking of stock rom-com characters, many of the Astaire/Rogers movies feature a potential love interest for Rogers other than Astaire. Of course this character is either a total mismatch, dull, or Rogers just isn’t in love with him. This character is so common in modern rom-coms that writer, director and actor Michael Showalter made an entire parody rom-com based on the character type called “The Baxter.” The Astaire/Rogers movies have several memorable “Baxters” for Rogers. Erik Rhodes plays the outrageous Italian designer Beddini in Top Hat. Ralph Bellamy in Carefree, meanwhile, plays Rogers’ would-be fiance, who’s so tired of Rogers rejecting his proposals that he sends her to see his psychologist friend played by Astaire. Of course, instead of agreeing to marry Bellamy, she falls in love with Astaire. 

Carefree is also perhaps the wildest example of the type of tropey “hijinks” and improbable events you might find in a modern rom-com. One Carefree scene finds Rogers “under anesthetic” and thereby freed of her inhibitions, so that she borrows a policeman’s club to gleefully shatter a glass pane on a nearby truck. In another series of scenes Astaire hypnotizes Rogers to love her fiance again, but then realizes he loves her, and must find a way to hypnotize her back before she gets married. This pursuit finds Astaire trying to sneak into the bride’s room just five minutes before the wedding, one of the most recognizable tropes of all.

Weddings, engagements, and marriages must also either be prevented or dissolved in Top Hat, The Gay Divorcee, and Swing Time. And Shall We Dance involves an even more complicated story. Near the beginning of the movie, Astaire and Rogers’ single characters are rumored to be married by the tabloids. At first Rogers tries to squash the rumors, but when her manager provides fake evidence of the marriage to the papers, Rogers and Astaire actually marry in order to get a divorce. In the meantime, however, they’ve fallen in love, and now Astaire must try to prevent his own divorce with a final grand gesture presented in a dance performance! This story then, also contains an early example of the fake dating or marriage of convenience trope.

Finally, I’ve previously mentioned the misunderstandings that occur in Astaire/Rogers movies. As in many modern rom-coms these misunderstandings often involve mistaken identity, and sometimes feature characters hiding information from each other, or temporarily taking on disguises. In The Gay Divorcee Rogers wants to hide from Astaire that she’s already been married, and is on vacation in order to arrange a fake affair which will convince her husband to give her a divorce. Because she’s hiding this information, however, she’s led to believe that Astaire is the man hired to pretend to be her lover, rather than an actual suitor with a respectable job. In Shall We Dance, Astaire briefly affects a Russian accent in order to appear to Rogers as his stage name “Petrov.” 

And in Top Hat there is a whole cascade of mistaken identities and disguises. Astaire takes on the guise of Rogers’ horse-drawn cab driver in order to pursue her. Rogers mistakes Astaire for a friend’s husband. Rogers then tries to scare Astaire by pretending to be an easy woman looking to force him into marriage. Finally, Astaire’s friend Horace assigns his valet Bates to investigate Rogers. Bates puts on a series of disguises and follows her everywhere, in a bit that becomes progressively funnier throughout the movie, and plays a role in the film’s resolution. While tonally these moods perhaps shouldn’t blend, the mix of sophistication and silliness in the Astaire/Rogers movies somehow works perfectly.

I hope that my thoughts on the Astaire/Rogers movies have made you curious enough to check out one or two of their films! For my part, watching these early examples of rom-com tropes and stories has given me an even greater appreciation for our genre as a whole. Seeing how these stories are replicated throughout time tells me that romantic comedies are stories we need - to reflect our lives, to keep us company, and to inspire our dreams!

My Ranking of the 5 Films Discussed Here:

Top Hat - If you watch only one - make it the best!

The Gay Divorcee - A great double feature with Top Hat featuring many of the same cast!

Shall We Dance - There’s a dance number on roller-skates, need I say more?

Swing Time - Aside from the blackface number, a very solid romantic comedy, with some beautiful dancing.

Carefree - Maybe the least characteristic of the Astaire/Rogers rom-coms, but worth watching for Ginger Rogers’ antics when she’s “under anesthetic” or “hypnotized.”

Bonus: If you fall in love with this couple, as I did, don’t miss Follow the Fleet. Astaire looks great in uniform!

And a helpful reminder: Most of these movies are available to rent on streaming services, but don’t forget your local library as a possible resource! So many of the greatest romantic comedies and musicals of all time are available there for free! 

Guest Contributor Bio

Jennifer Howell is the producer, editor, and main host of Every Rom Com, the podcast that has fun taking romantic comedies seriously! When she’s not researching an episode, Jennifer can be found working at the library, swimming in freshwater lakes, meditating, and “improving her mind by extensive reading.” Jennifer lives in Wisconsin with her husband and a cat named Dinah. She’s always excited to talk about films or books on Twitter @everyromcompod, on Instagram @everyromcom, on Blue Sky Social @everyromcom.bsky.social or on Facebook at Every Rom Com: Podcast and Blog! 

The Bruja Professor, a witchy take on literature, the occult & pop culture, is the scholarly sister to Enchantment Learning & Living, an inspirational blog celebrating life’s simple pleasures, everyday mysticism, and delectable recipes that are guaranteed to stir the kitchen witch in you.

If you enjoyed what you just read and believe that stories are magic & true magic is in the everyday…or your next good read, subscribe to my newsletter below for regular doses of enchantment.

Want even more inspiration? Follow me on Instagram, Facebook, Pinterest, and Twitter. Here’s to a magical life!

A Brief (Personal) Overview of The Romantic Comedy

Okay, I admit it. There was once a time in high school when I desperately tried to be Not Like Other Girls. That meant rejecting anything normal teens would enjoy, including the teen rom-com. I was Cool. I was Sophisticated. I only consumed Deep Media.

Tragic, I know!

But the truth was, romantic comedies had me at “hola.” I just didn’t want to admit it…until one day, I cared less about being Not Like Other Girls and more about enjoying myself. I owe a lot of this to When Harry Met Sally, which, when I saw it in my late teens, was a revelation. The protagonists were adults doing adult things and talking about adult stuff and looking cool—well, 80s cool—while living against the sophisticated backdrop of New York City.

I know the film hasn’t aged well for some people, a shocking fact I learned while participating in the annual #RomComBracket on Instagram and the slowly dying bird app. But for me, it was the first movie that got me into the romantic comedy and made me realize that while I rejected teen romcoms, I’d been actually watching the genre for a long time in the form of classic silver screen screwball comedies and indie films. I’d also been reading romantic comedies in classic literature and “chick lit.” It’s just that When Harry Met Sally loosened something in my psyche so that I could whole-heartedly enjoy the genre without censure.

Honestly? The movies didn’t even have to be good for me to enjoy them—they still don’t! My sisters and I had a running game in graduate school to see what was the worst or most BANANAS romcom we could find. Sometimes, it was the worst movies that helped me the most emotionally as I dealt with the trauma of grad school. That tradition with my sisters has steadily transformed into relishing the terrible delights of bad holiday rom-coms. There is something deeply soothing about laughing at the tropes, the problems, and the over-the-top cheese of it all.

That’s the beauty of the genre: It’s complex. The stories can be hopeful and inspiring or cringe-y and terrifying. They can be sexy and fun or awkward and obnoxious…just like dating in the real world. Most importantly, they can tell us a lot about what mainstream culture thinks is romantic, funny, or normal. Quite often, those norms aren’t what individual people think are romantic, funny, or healthy, which makes the genre a great vehicle for talking about real-world issues surrounding love and dating.

Fun fact: Romantic Comedies have been around for a long time. Like waaaaaayyy back. I’m talking OLDEN DAYS. Shakespearean times, y’all. And they’re not just movies or plays! We have romance novels and television and streaming series…and other mediums.

The basic definition of a romantic comedy is a lighthearted, often funny, story that focuses on love and ends happily. It should come as no surprise that the genre is having a resurgence given the trauma of the pandemic, the popularity of streaming services that just seem built for popcorn movie fun, and the burnout many feel when looking at yet another reboot, franchise, or big blockbuster movie. Whatever happened to a charming story about two people falling in love?

And, because this is The Bruja Professor, we have to acknowledge the gentle magic of a good rom-com, the way it softens the world and soothes the soul. When done well, these stories offer hope and the promise that something as ephemeral as true love is, in fact, possible and that our emotional, personal, and romantic lives are just as important as getting that good job or buying that dream house. They’re a reminder, when life gets hard that we deserve the good things in life, not just a continuous cycle of plot twists. And, they’re the promise that magic is just around the corner in the form of a Meet Cute, synchronous happening, or an unexpected something that offers us a life of pleasure, joy, and love. Isn’t that the very promise that keeps us going back to these stories? To paraphrase Iris in The Holiday, many of us are looking for corny in our lives…and there’s nothing wrong with that.

It’s a simple thing: A story about two people falling in love and living Happily Ever After. But it is also complex when we look at how this narrative shapes our concepts of love, romance, desire, and happiness…and who gets to be centered in these happy, joyful stories. If you’re looking to get a better sense of how to talk about romantic comedies and their historical and social context, check out my infographic below. May it inspire many a fun conversation as you dive into your next romantic comedy with friends. Just don’t forget the popcorn!

The Bruja Professor, a witchy take on literature, the occult & pop culture, is the scholarly sister to Enchantment Learning & Living, an inspirational blog celebrating life’s simple pleasures, everyday mysticism, and delectable recipes that are guaranteed to stir the kitchen witch in you.

If you enjoyed what you just read and believe that stories are magic & true magic is in the everyday…or your next good read, subscribe to my newsletter below for regular doses of enchantment.

Want even more inspiration? Follow me on Instagram, Facebook, Pinterest, and Twitter. Here’s to a magical life!